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Business and Computer Science |
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Business and Computer Science |
What does input() do? Reads data from the keyboard |
What does print() do? Displays output to the screen |
What does = do in Python? Assigns a value to a variable |
What does an if statement do? Checks a condition and runs code if true |
What does a while loop do? Repeats code while a condition is true |
What is operator precedence? The order operations are calculated (e.g. division before addition) |
What will b + a / 2 do? Divide a by 2 first, then add b |
What is a variable? A named storage location for data |
What is an assignment statement? Giving a value to a variable using = |
What is an arithmetic expression? A calculation using numbers and operators |
What is a Boolean expression? A condition that is either True or False |
What is indentation used for? To define blocks of code |
What happens if indentation is wrong? The program may error or behave incorrectly |
What is a list? A collection of multiple values in one variable |
What index does a list start at? 0 |
What does random.randint() do? Generates a random integer |
What does random.choice() do? Selects a random item from a list |
Why use a while loop in games? To repeat until a condition is met (e.g. correct guess) |
What is an infinite loop? A loop that never ends |
How do you stop a loop? Change the condition or use break |
What does .lower() do? Converts text to lowercase |
Why use .lower() in games? To standardise user input |
What does .append() do? Adds an item to a list |
What does len() do? Returns the number of items in a list |
What does .isalpha() check? If input contains only letters |
Why validate input in games? To prevent errors or invalid data |
What is selection in programming? Making decisions using if/elif/else |
What is iteration? Repeating code using loops |
What is a condition in a loop? The rule that controls repetition |
What is pair programming? Two people working together (driver and navigator) |
What does a for loop do? Repeats code for each item in a list |
What will a for loop over a list do? Process each item one at a time |
What is encryption? Converting information into code to keep it secure |
What is decryption? Converting coded information back into readable form |
What is a cipher? A method of encrypting messages |
What is a cipher key? Information needed to decrypt a message |
Why do we encrypt messages? To keep information private and secure |
What is a Caesar cipher? A method that shifts letters in the alphabet |
What is a substitution cipher? Replacing each letter with another symbol or letter |
What is the purpose of codebreaking? To understand encrypted messages |
What is the World Wide Web? A collection of web pages on the internet |
What is the internet? A global network of connected computers |
What is the difference between the internet and WWW? Internet = infrastructure, WWW = websites on it |
What is hypertext? Text that links to other pages |
Why was the WWW important? It allowed global sharing of information |
What is HTML used for? Creating web pages |
What is binary logic? Using True/False (1/0) to make decisions |
What two values does Boolean logic use? True/False or 1/0 |
What is a NOT gate? Outputs the opposite of the input |
What is an AND gate? Outputs 1 only if both inputs are 1 |
What is an OR gate? Outputs 1 if at least one input is 1 |
What are logic gates used for? Making decisions in a CPU |
What is a logic circuit? A combination of logic gates |
What is problem solving in computing? Breaking down problems into logical steps |
Why is logical thinking important? It helps create accurate solutions |
What problem did early computing machines solve? Human error in calculations |
What is an algorithm? A step-by-step method to solve a problem |
What is bubble sort? A method of sorting by swapping adjacent values |
When do you stop bubble sort? When no swaps are needed |
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Machines performing tasks requiring human intelligence |
What is narrow AI? AI designed for one specific task |
What is general AI? AI that can think like a human (not yet achieved) |
Give one example of AI. Voice assistants, recommendations, self-driving cars |
Give one benefit of AI. Faster processing or improved decision-making |
What is software? Programs and applications that run on a computer |
What is hardware? Physical parts of a computer you can touch |
What are the two main types of software? Application software and system software |
What is application software? Software used to perform tasks for users |
What is system software? Software that runs and manages the computer |
Give one example of application software. Word processor, browser, spreadsheet |
What is general-purpose software? Software that performs many tasks |
What is special-purpose software? Software designed for one specific task |
What is an operating system (OS)? Software that manages hardware and runs applications |
Give one example of an operating system. Windows, macOS, Linux, Android |
What is the role of an operating system? To manage hardware and allow software to run |
What is a user interface? The way a user interacts with a computer |
What does GUI stand for? Graphical User Interface |
What are the four parts of a GUI? Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers |
Give one benefit of a GUI. Easy to use and visually clear |
What does the OS do with hardware? Manages CPU, memory, storage, and devices |
What is a device driver? Software that allows the OS to communicate with hardware |
What is memory management? Allocating memory to programs |
What is file handling? Managing files and folders on a system |
Give one example of file organisation. Creating, deleting, moving, renaming files |
What are file access rights? Permissions like read, write, run |
What is utility software? Software used to maintain a computer system |
What is file fragmentation? Files split into pieces on a disk |
Why are fragmented files a problem? They slow down access and loading |
What does defragmentation do? Rearranges file parts to improve speed |
What is a computer virus? Software designed to harm a computer |
What does antivirus software do? Detects and removes viruses |
Why must antivirus software be updated? To recognise new viruses |
What is encryption? Turning data into code to protect it |
What is plain text? Original readable data |
What is cipher text? Encrypted unreadable data |
What is compression? Reducing file size by removing data |
What is lossy compression? Removes data permanently (reduces quality) |
What is lossless compression? Removes data temporarily (no quality loss) | ||
What is a computer network? Two or more computers connected to share data and resources |
What is a node? A device connected to a network |
What does LAN stand for? Local Area Network |
What is a LAN? A network on one site, owned by an organisation |
Give one example of a LAN. School, home, or office network |
What does WAN stand for? Wide Area Network |
What is a WAN? A network over a large geographical area |
Give one example of a WAN. The Internet |
Give one difference between LAN and WAN. LAN = one site, WAN = large area |
What is a benefit of a network? Sharing data or hardware |
What is a drawback of a network? Security risks or cost |
What does NIC stand for? Network Interface Card |
What does a NIC do? Allows a computer to connect to a network |
What are the two types of transmission media? Wired and wireless |
What does a hub do? Sends data to all devices |
What does a switch do? Sends data only to the correct device |
What does a router do? Sends data between networks (internet) |
What is the internet? A network of networks |
What is a data packet? A small part of a file sent across a network |
What happens to a file when sent online? It is split into packets |
What happens to packets during transmission? They can take different routes |
What happens at the destination? Packets are reassembled |
What information is in a packet? Data, addresses, sequence number, error check |
What is malware? Software designed to harm a computer |
What is phishing? Tricking users into giving personal information |
What is a brute force attack? Trying many passwords to gain access |
What is a DoS attack? Overloading a system to stop it working |
How can networks be protected? Antivirus, firewalls, strong passwords |
What is a firewall? Blocks unsafe network traffic |
What is an IP address? A unique number identifying a device |
What does ISP stand for? Internet Service Provider |
What does a URL do? Identifies a website address |
What does DNS do? Converts URLs into IP addresses |
What is OneDrive? Cloud storage used to save files online |
What is cloud storage? Saving files online instead of on a device |
What is Microsoft 365? A platform to access apps like Word, Excel, OneDrive |
What is a file? A piece of work stored on a computer |
What is a folder? A container used to organise files |
What is a directory? Another word for folder structure |
Why is a folder structure important? Helps organise and find work quickly |
Give one example of a bad folder name. “work” or “stuff” |
What makes a good file name? Clear, specific, includes task and version |
What is version control? Managing different versions of work |
What does AutoSave do? Saves work automatically |
Why must you copy before editing? To keep the original version |
What is a draft? An early version of work |
What is a final version? The completed version of work |
What is a keyboard shortcut? A key combination to perform actions quickly |
What does Ctrl + C do? Copy |
What does Ctrl + V do? Paste |
What does Ctrl + Z do? Undo |
What does Ctrl + A do? Select all |
Why are shortcuts useful? Save time and improve efficiency |
Why is typing accuracy important? Reduces errors and saves time |
What is formatting? Changing how text looks |
What is a heading? A title used to organise sections |
What is alignment? Positioning of text on a page |
What are bullet points used for? Organising information clearly |
What is a table? A grid used to present data |
What is a spreadsheet? Software used to organise and analyse data |
What is a cell? A box where data is stored |
What is a row? A horizontal line of cells |
What is a column? A vertical line of cells |
What is a formula? A calculation used in a spreadsheet |
What does =SUM() do? Adds numbers |
What does =AVERAGE() do? Finds the mean |
What is research? Finding information about a topic |
What is a reliable source? Trustworthy and accurate information |
What is plagiarism? Copying work without understanding or credit |
Why is plagiarism a problem? You don’t learn and lose marks |
What is digital communication? Sharing information using technology |
What is problem solving? Identifying and fixing issues step-by-step |
What are the 3 stages of IPO? Input, Process, Output |
What is hardware? Physical parts of a computer |
What is software? Programs that run on a computer |
What is an algorithm? Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem | |