Business and Computer Science

Finding new products based on the original one.

An overall or long-term target for an individual or a business.

A clear, measurable goal, so success or failure is clear to see.

Any item of value that a business owns, such as its machinery or premises.

The process of creating a distinct identity for a product or business which highlights how it is different from competing products or businesses, through using a logo, name or creating a personality.

The point where revenue received meets all of the costs of a business.

Choices that have to be made by a business, usually within a short time period.

The collapse of a business, probably leading to its closure.

A detailed document setting out the marketing and financial thinking behind a proposed new business.

Estimating the cash inflows and outflows of a business over a future time period.

The money coming into and going out of a business within a period of time.

The rivalry that exists between businesses selling products.

A feature of a business that helps it to succeed against competitors.

The strength of competition between companies in the same market.

The person who ultimately uses (or consumes) a product.

The amount households have available to spend after income taxes have been deducted.

Acts of Parliament that are intended to protect customers from misleading or dangerous practices by companies.

Laws that empower the consumer to demand certain minimum standards from every business supplier.

The ability of a product to fit in with a customer's lifestyle or routine.

Raising capital online from many small investors (but not through the stock market).

What customers require when they purchase a product. There are four main customer needs: price, quality, choice and convenience.

Information, particularly statistics, that can be collected and analysed.

The characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, race, nationality, disability, and occupation.

Messages or conversations conducted via email, text, or social media.

When someone is treated differently to someone else because of a particular characteristic, such as a disability, their ethnicity, or their sex.

The idea that business is ever-changing because external factors, such as technology, are always changing.

Using the internet to carry out business transactions.

Like the weather, the economy can run cold or hot, the economic climate is a measurement of the level of economic activity within a country, which might be promising or worrying.

The system by which money is produced.

Entrepreneurial activity (can also mean a business or company).

A person who sets up a business and takes on financial risks in the hope of profit.

Moral principles or standards that guide the behaviour of a person or business.

The value of one currency expressed in terms of another.

Goods and services that are sold to other countries.

Costs that do not change when output changes.

A group discussion among people selected from the target market; it draws on psychology to provide qualitative insights into consumer attitudes.

The right given by one business to another to sell goods or services using its name.

Paying a franchise owner for the right to use an established business name, branding, and business methods.

The process of businesses increasingly operating on an international scale, buying, and selling in different countries to exploit lower costs and identify new markets.

Any physical product a consumer can buy (natural or manufactured).

Charges placed by the government on goods, imported goods, and the incomes of individuals and companies.

The amount of profit that a business makes before the cost of sales are deducted.

The need by many business owners to make their own decisions and be their own boss.

An increase in the general level of prices in an economy over time.

The act of creating new products or processes.

When a business lacks the cash to pay its debts when they fall due.

The charge made by banks for the cash they have lent to a business or individual, as a fixed cost.

The annual cost of borrowing money from a bank and the annual return of saving money with a bank.

Workers or the workforce.

Laws passed by Acts of Parliament which must be adhered to by businesses and individuals.

Where shareholders of the business can only lose the amount they originally invested in the company because the owners and the company are treated as legally separate.

A fixed sum of money lent by a bank to an individual or a business for a specific purpose, which must be repaid with interest in set payments over an agreed period of time.

The difference between the planned level of output and the break-even level of output

Measuring where existing brands sit on a two-factor grid, for example young/old compared with high price/low price.

The process of gathering information about the market and customers' needs and wants in order to help inform business decisions, including product design and marketing.

A part of a market where consumers share similar characteristics such as; age, gender, geographical location, occupation.

The dividing up of a market to meet the needs of consumers with similar preferences.

The percentage of a market held by one company or brand.

The difference between cash inflows and cash outflows, in a period of time.

A good or service which has become out of date.

The closing balance at the end of the previous time period.

Ideas that have not been done before.

The ability for a business to go into a negative balance on their current account.

A business which is owned by more than one person which has unlimited liability.

Different ways of paying for goods and services digitally/electronically.

The method by which the business distributes the good or service to the consumer, it includes selling products to retailers and getting the products displayed in prominent positions.

An organisation that tries to influence the decision making of a business or government.

The amount a business charges consumers for a good or service.

Research conducted first hand, it is tailored to a company's specific needs.

A business that has limited liability whose shares are not traded on the stock exchange.

A good or service sold to consumers.

Where a product has unique features that makes it stand out from other similar products in the market.

The difference between revenue and total costs. If the figure is negative, the business is making a loss.

Methods used to encourage potential consumers to purchase a good or service from a business.

A business that has limited liability whose shares are traded on the stock exchange.

Research that involves collecting opinions from potential consumers.

Research that involves collecting numerical information.

The factors of production such as labour that are required to successfully run a business.

The profit made by a business that is not paid to shareholders and is used as an internal source of finance.

The income that a business receives from its sales (selling price multiplied by quantity of goods sold).

The amount of money that comes in from a business's sales.

The balance between potential profit in the future and the initial costs of setting up an enterprise.

Research that a company does not collect for a specific purpose itself and can be found in places such as the internet.

Providing useful ways to help people live their lives, for example shops, restaurants, and hospitals.

The raising of capital by selling new shares in a company.

Investors who are part-owners of a company.

Any form of electronic communication that allows users to share content.

Business goals that are non-financial and designed to meet a social/community need.

A business owned by one person which has unlimited liability.

Anyone who has an interest in the activities of a business, such as its workers, its suppliers, its directors, the local community, and the government.

A new business, usually with only a small number of employees.

A particular group of consumers at which a business aims its products and services.

All the costs of a business, found by adding fixed and variable costs. (Fixed plus variable costs for a time period)

Where a business buys raw materials from its suppliers, but pays in cash at a later date.

When someone of working age wants a job but cannot get one.

Something that makes a product stand out from its competitors

A situation where the business and the owner are treated legally as one and the same. Thus, any debts incurred by the business have to be settled by the owner(s).

The difference between the selling price of the product and the cost of the factor inputs.

Costs that change when output changes.

Investment of cash from individual or groups of individuals into a private limited company.

The visual attractiveness of something.

A document completed by a potential employee when they apply for a job.

Independence or the freedom to make your own decisions.

Average annual profit as a percentage of the cost of the investment. This shows profitability and can be compared with the interest rates available on bank deposit accounts.

A diagram which shows changes in the stock level of a business over a period of time.

Anything which prevents the flow of accurate information within a business.

Producing a limited number of identical products.

The minimum level of stock held by a business.

An organisation in which most decisions are made at head office.

Being paid a percentage of the value of a sale.

The passing of information form one person or organisation to another.

Finding a way to succeed against rival businesses located overseas.

An advantage a business has over its rivals that is unique and sustainable.

The attempt to make a customer feel part of something rather than the outsider.

Comments, praise, or criticism given to the business by its customers.

A document created by an individual which sets out a person's qualifications, experience, and any other relevant facts that a potential employer may want to know.

An organisation that allows staff to make decisions at a local or branch level.

Relating to the population, such as average age, average income, and so on.

Show that something (in this case, a product) is different from similar things.

The process by which goods and services move from the producer to the consumer.

Using the internet to carry out business transactions.

Regular updates on the activities of a business sent electronically to actual or potential customers.

Factors relating to green issues, such as sustainability and pollution.

An electronic retailer, in other words purchasing electronically, either by e-commerce or, more likely these days, mobile commerce (m-commerce).

Moral principles or standards that guide the behaviour of a person or business.

The passing on of too much irrelevant information within a business.

Any strategy used to extend the product life cycle and prevent the product from entering the decline stage.

Where a business increases its market share by taking over or merging with another business.

Appointing new employees from outside the business.

An organisational structure with very few layers of hierarchy, resulting in managers being responsible for many employees.

The ability to switch quickly and easily from one task to another.

A contract between a company and an employee that doesn't specify how many hours of work will be provided.

Continuous production of an identical product in a factory.

The official programme of teaching employees new skills in a business.

An agreement over one job between a company and self-employed worker.

A non-financial method of motivating employees such as company cars and discounted products.

How well a good or service fulfils its purpose.

When businesses operate on an international scale and gain international influence or power.

Gross profit as a percentage of sales revenue.

An organisation with many layers of management, therefore creating a tall organisational pyramid.

A good or service that is made overseas and sold in another country.

Unofficial teaching of new skills to employees by colleagues or through use of the internet.

Too little communication, which might leave some staff under informed and demotivated.

A marketing mix that has a theme, with the elements all supporting each other.

Where a business increases its market share through the use of its resources (such as improvements to the marketing mix).

Appointing staff from within the business to a new role.

a short account of the main features of the job.

Being given a range of activities and responsibilities that enable the worker to learn and to grow.

Production of a single product which is customised to the consumer's exact requirements.

These are the things that someone is required to do in order to fulfil their role in a business.

These are different positions within a business, where each position requires different levels of skills and training.

Having several tasks to do at work to relieve the boredom of doing the same thing all the time.

Running the business with so little stock that new supplies have to arrive just in time before they run out.

The process of ensuring the right supplies will be ordered and delivered on time.

A department within a business that is focussed on managing employees.

The four P's of marketing, which are product, price, promotion and place.

When two or more businesses join together to operate as one business.

The desire to want to complete a task.

These are businesses that produce goods and services in more than one country.

Net profit as a percentage of sales revenue.

Regular, scheduled teaching of new skills to employees within a business.

The way in which the workforce is organised, usually a hierarchy with people reporting to managers all the way up to the chief executive officer (CEO).

An agreement between an employer and an employee that work and income will be provided constantly into the long term future.

A description of the type of person who would best fit the job, their character, their experience, and skills.

Service received after the purchase is completed, perhaps because something has gone wrong or as a way of promoting customer engagement.

An organisation that aims to make a government or business change its decision making.

The process of ordering the right supplies from the right supplier.

The extent to which consumers see your product as being distinct from its rivals.

How well staff know all the features of the products and the service issues surrounding the products, such as the precise terms of Kia's seven-year warranty on its new cars.

How the sales of a product vary over time.

Output per person per period of time.

A medium to long term plan for communicating with our target customers.

The checking of a product to make sure that it is fault free and of an acceptable standard throughout each stage of the production process.

The checking of a product to make sure that it is fault free and of an acceptable standard at the end of the production process.

Working away from a business office, usually using the internet.

The financial rewards from work in the form of a wage or salary.

The investigation of new products and processes and turning this into saleable products.

A shop or chain of shops, usually selling from a building in a high street or shopping centre.

The ability of a business to keep its existing employees, rather than leave to take a position with another employer.

Teaching yourself, perhaps by thinking why a problem occurred and making sure you learn from your mistakes.

When companies pay to have a brand associated with an iconic individual or event (usually connected with sports or the arts).

The amount of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods held by a business

Listing company shares on the stock market, allowing anyone to buy the shares. This means the price can float freely (up and down).

Acting to ensure that natural resources are used responsibly, to protect the environment for future generations.

Where one business acquires more than 50% of the shares in another business, allowing it to gain overall control.

When you are set goals by a manager and your job is to achieve them.

Taxes charged on imported goods and services.

An agreement between a company and an employee that work and income will be provided for a short period of time.

A group of countries that have agreed to have free trade within external tariff walls.

How having more of one thing may force you to have less of another, for example higher ethical standards may mean less profit.

Building a business relationship in which both sides know that the other won't let them down.

Something that makes a product stand out from its competitors.

Advertising using social networking to increase sales or boost brand awareness.